Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Understanding Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath—the protective covering of nerve fibers—within the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain and spinal cord. This immune attack results in inflammation, nerve damage, and disrupted communication between the brain and the rest of the body.

MS is categorized into several types:

• Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS):
  The most common form, characterized by periods of acute flare-ups (relapses) followed by intervals of partial or complete recovery (remissions).

• Primary Progressive MS (PPMS):
  Marked by a gradual worsening of neurological function from the onset, without distinct relapses or remissions.

• Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS):
  Initially presents as RRMS but later transitions into a phase of steady progression without clear remissions.

• Progressive-Relapsing MS (PRMS):
  A rare form characterized by a steadily worsening disease course with superimposed acute relapses.

Common Signs and Symptoms of MS:

• Fatigue:
  Persistent tiredness that may interfere with daily activities.

• Muscle Weakness:
  Loss of strength, often affecting mobility and coordination.

• Sensory Changes:
  Numbness, tingling, or a “pins and needles” sensation in various parts of the body.

• Vision Problems:
  Blurred or double vision, or partial loss of vision, often due to optic nerve inflammation.

• Balance and Coordination Difficulties:
  Impaired coordination and an increased risk of falls.

• Cognitive Impairment:
  Challenges with memory, concentration, and processing information.

• Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction:
  Urinary urgency, incontinence, or constipation may occur in some cases.

This information is provided as a resource and is not intended to diagnose a condition or prescribe treatment. Please discuss any symptoms you may exhibit with your physician.