Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)

Understanding Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)

Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) is a chronic, immune-mediated vasculitis that primarily affects large and medium-sized arteries, with a particular focus on the temporal arteries. It most commonly occurs in adults over 50 years old and is more prevalent in women. If left untreated, GCA can lead to severe complications, including permanent vision loss, stroke, or aortic aneurysm. GCA is often associated with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), a condition characterized by muscle pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulders and hips. The underlying cause of GCA is an immune system attack on the arterial walls, which results in inflammation, narrowing, and reduced blood flow.

Common Signs and Symptoms of GCA:

• Headache:

  • New, persistent, and severe headache, often localized to the temples.

• Scalp Tenderness:

  • Sensitivity or pain when touching or combing the hair.

• Jaw Claudication:

  • Pain or cramping in the jaw muscles, especially during chewing.

• Visual Disturbances:

  • Blurry vision, double vision, or even sudden vision loss, which require immediate medical attention.

• Polymyalgia Rheumatica Symptoms:

  • Muscle pain and stiffness in the shoulders and hips, often accompanied by general aches.

• Systemic Symptoms:

  • Fever, fatigue, and unintentional weight loss.

This information is provided as a resource and is not intended to diagnose a condition or prescribe treatment. Please discuss any symptoms you may exhibit with your physician.