Spondyloarthropathies

Understanding Spondyloarthropathies (SpA)

Spondyloarthropathies (SpA) are a group of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases that primarily affect the spine, sacroiliac joints, and peripheral joints. They are classified as seronegative—meaning they typically lack rheumatoid factor—and are often associated with the HLA-B27 genetic marker. These conditions are characterized by inflammation at the joints and entheses (the sites where tendons and ligaments attach to bone), leading to pain, stiffness, and potentially joint damage over time.

Types of Spondyloarthropathies:

• Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS):

  • An inflammatory arthritis primarily affecting the spine, which can lead to fusion of the vertebrae.

• Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA):

  • Similar to AS but without definitive joint damage visible on X-rays.

• Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA):

  • A form of SpA that is associated with skin psoriasis and joint inflammation.

• Reactive Arthritis (ReA):

  • Joint inflammation that develops following an infection, such as those caused by chlamydia or salmonella.

• Enteropathic Arthritis (EA):

  • Arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.

Common Signs and Symptoms of Spondyloarthropathies:

• Chronic Back Pain and Stiffness:

  • Persistent pain in the lower back and sacroiliac region that often improves with exercise and worsens with rest, particularly in the morning.

• Peripheral Joint Pain:

  • Pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints of the arms or legs.

• Enthesitis:

  • Inflammation at the sites where tendons and ligaments attach to bone, which may cause localized pain and tenderness.

• Extra-Articular Manifestations:

  • Additional symptoms such as uveitis (eye inflammation), skin changes related to psoriasis, or gastrointestinal symptoms associated with inflammatory bowel disease.

This information is provided as a resource and is not intended to diagnose a condition or prescribe treatment. Please discuss any symptoms you may exhibit with your physician.