Thyroid Eye Disease (TED)

Understanding Thyroid Eye Disease (TED)

Thyroid Eye Disease (TED), also known as Graves’ eye disease, is a progressive autoimmune condition in which the eyelids, the fatty tissues behind the eyes, and the muscles surrounding them become inflamed. This inflammation leads to red, swollen eyes and can cause significant changes in eye appearance and function. In severe cases, TED may result in bulging eyes (proptosis), double vision, and difficulty fully closing the eyes during blinking or sleep. In extreme situations, the inflammation can compress the optic nerves, potentially leading to vision loss.

Risk Factors for Thyroid Eye Disease:

• Thyroid Dysfunction:
  • Most commonly occurs in individuals with hyperthyroidism.
• Family History:
  • A family history of thyroid or eye disease increases the risk.
• Smoking:
  • Smoking is a significant risk factor that can worsen TED.
• Age:
  • More prevalent in middle-aged or older individuals.
• Radioactive Iodine Therapy:
  • Undergoing treatment for hyperthyroidism with radioactive iodine may elevate the risk.

Common Signs and Symptoms of Thyroid Eye Disease:

• Red and Swollen Eyes:
  • Persistent inflammation causing redness and puffiness.
• Bulging Eyes (Proptosis):
  • Eyes may appear to be pushed forward.
• Double Vision:
  • Visual disturbances due to muscle involvement.
• Difficulty Closing Eyes:
  • Incomplete eyelid closure when blinking or sleeping.
• Eye Irritation and Discomfort:
  • Sensation of dryness, grittiness, or pain in and around the eyes.

This information is provided as a resource and is not intended to diagnose a condition or prescribe treatment. Please discuss any symptoms you may exhibit with your physician.